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Confirm the exact patent page and publication notice before release." }, "access": 1, "status": "published", "created_at": "2026-09-16T08:30:36.569Z", "updated_at": "2026-09-16T09:21:31.923Z" }, "dublin_core": { "identifier": [ "https://www.moaaii.org/object.html?id=us-274207-lasting-machine", "patent:274207" ], "title": [ "Lasting Machine" ], "creator": [ "Jan Ernst Matzeliger" ], "subject": [ "shoemaking", "industrial machinery", "patents" ], "description": [ "A machine that holds the last, pulls the leather upper over it, positions the sole and drives the fastenings - the operation that had required a skilled hand laster.", "A hand laster could finish perhaps fifty pairs a day; the machine could turn out several hundred. 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Ball died at twenty-four before publishing; the method was published without her name and restored to her later." ], "publisher": [ "Museum of African American Innovation and Invention (MOAAII)" ], "date": [ "1915-1916" ], "type": [ "document" ], "format": [], "source": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_Ball" ], "language": [ "eng" ], "rights": [], "relation": [ "Chemistry and Medicine" ] } }, { "record": { "id": "obj_iha89n9c4t6h", "idno": "carver-bulletin-31-peanut", "title": "How to Grow the Peanut and 105 Ways of Preparing It for Human Consumption", "type": "document", "subtitle": "", "description": "Tuskegee Institute Experiment Station bulletin, written in plain language for farmers, covering cultivation, rotation and preparation.", "significance": "The bulletin series was the delivery mechanism for Carver's research: free, practical, and aimed at farmers whose soil had been exhausted by cotton.", "date_display": "1916", "date_start": 1916, "date_end": 1916, "patent_no": "", "patent_office": "", "materials": "", "dimensions": "", "extent": "", "credit_line": "Tuskegee Institute Experiment Station", "rights": "", "rights_uri": "", "source_name": "", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington_Carver", "external_id": "", "subjects": [ "agriculture", "crop rotation", "peanuts", "extension publishing" ], "tags": [], "place_id": null, "location_id": null, "primary_media": null, "sources": [ { "label": "Wikipedia: George Washington Carver", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington_Carver" } ], "verification": "reviewed", "provenance": { "ingest": "founding_seed", "record_origin": "compiled_from_public_reference_sources", "has_digitized_image": false, "note": "Catalog record compiled for the museum. No digitized image or physical custody is implied." }, "access": 1, "status": "published", "created_at": "2026-09-16T08:30:36.579Z", "updated_at": "2026-09-16T08:30:36.579Z" }, "dublin_core": { "identifier": [ "https://www.moaaii.org/object.html?id=carver-bulletin-31-peanut" ], "title": [ "How to Grow the Peanut and 105 Ways of Preparing It for Human Consumption" ], "creator": [ "George Washington Carver" ], "subject": [ "agriculture", "crop rotation", "peanuts", "extension publishing" ], "description": [ "Tuskegee Institute Experiment Station bulletin, written in plain language for farmers, covering cultivation, rotation and preparation.", "The bulletin series was the delivery mechanism for Carver's research: free, practical, and aimed at farmers whose soil had been exhausted by cotton." ], "publisher": [ "Museum of African American Innovation and Invention (MOAAII)" ], "date": [ "1916" ], "type": [ "document" ], "format": [], "source": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington_Carver" ], "language": [ "eng" ], "rights": [], "relation": [ "George Washington Carver" ] } }, { "record": { "id": "obj_a8xsww6etft3", "idno": "us-1475024-traffic-signal", "title": "Traffic Signal", "type": "patent", "subtitle": "", "description": "A T-shaped signal with a third position that halts traffic in all directions before the right of way changes hands.", "significance": "The all-stop interval gave vehicles already in the intersection time to clear it. Morgan sold the rights to General Electric.", "date_display": "1923-11-20", "date_start": 1923, "date_end": 1923, "patent_no": "1475024", "patent_office": "USPTO", "materials": "", "dimensions": "", "extent": "", "credit_line": "", "rights": "United States patent documents are works of the United States government and are in the public domain.", "rights_uri": "https://www.usa.gov/government-works", "source_name": "USPTO (via Google Patents)", "source_url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US1475024A/en", "external_id": "", "subjects": [ "traffic control", "road safety", "patents" ], "tags": [], "place_id": null, "location_id": null, "primary_media": null, "sources": [ { "label": "Google Patents US1475024A", "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US1475024A/en" } ], "verification": "reviewed", "provenance": { "ingest": "founding_seed", "record_origin": "compiled_from_public_reference_sources", "has_digitized_image": false, "note": "Catalog record compiled for the museum. No digitized image or physical custody is implied." }, "access": 1, "status": "published", "created_at": "2026-09-16T08:30:36.577Z", "updated_at": "2026-09-16T08:30:36.577Z" }, "dublin_core": { "identifier": [ "https://www.moaaii.org/object.html?id=us-1475024-traffic-signal", "patent:1475024" ], "title": [ "Traffic Signal" ], "creator": [ "Garrett A. Morgan" ], "subject": [ "traffic control", "road safety", "patents" ], "description": [ "A T-shaped signal with a third position that halts traffic in all directions before the right of way changes hands.", "The all-stop interval gave vehicles already in the intersection time to clear it. Morgan sold the rights to General Electric." ], "publisher": [ "Museum of African American Innovation and Invention (MOAAII)" ], "date": [ "1923-11-20" ], "type": [ "patent" ], "format": [], "source": [ "USPTO (via Google Patents)", "https://patents.google.com/patent/US1475024A/en" ], "language": [ "eng" ], "rights": [ "United States patent documents are works of the United States government and are in the public domain.", "https://www.usa.gov/government-works" ], "relation": [ "Garrett A. Morgan", "Everyday Objects" ] } }, { "record": { "id": "obj_96g893c8585q", "idno": "us-1522176-cosmetics", "title": "Cosmetics and Process of Producing the Same", "type": "patent", "subtitle": "", "description": "A preparation derived from peanut oil, one of only three patents Carver ever filed.", "significance": "Carver held that agricultural findings belonged to the farmers who needed them and published almost everything rather than patenting it. The scarcity of these filings is itself the record.", "date_display": "1925-01-06", "date_start": 1925, "date_end": 1925, "patent_no": "1522176", "patent_office": "USPTO", "materials": "", "dimensions": "", "extent": "", "credit_line": "", "rights": "United States patent documents are works of the United States government and are in the public domain.", "rights_uri": "https://www.usa.gov/government-works", "source_name": "USPTO (via Google Patents)", "source_url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US1522176A/en", "external_id": "", "subjects": [ "cosmetics", "agricultural chemistry", "peanuts", "patents" ], "tags": [], "place_id": null, "location_id": null, "primary_media": null, "sources": [ { "label": "Google Patents US1522176A", "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US1522176A/en" } ], "verification": "reviewed", "provenance": { "ingest": "founding_seed", "record_origin": "compiled_from_public_reference_sources", "has_digitized_image": false, "note": "Catalog record compiled for the museum. No digitized image or physical custody is implied." }, "access": 1, "status": "published", "created_at": "2026-09-16T08:30:36.578Z", "updated_at": "2026-09-16T08:30:36.578Z" }, "dublin_core": { "identifier": [ "https://www.moaaii.org/object.html?id=us-1522176-cosmetics", "patent:1522176" ], "title": [ "Cosmetics and Process of Producing the Same" ], "creator": [ "George Washington Carver" ], "subject": [ "cosmetics", "agricultural chemistry", "peanuts", "patents" ], "description": [ "A preparation derived from peanut oil, one of only three patents Carver ever filed.", "Carver held that agricultural findings belonged to the farmers who needed them and published almost everything rather than patenting it. The scarcity of these filings is itself the record." ], "publisher": [ "Museum of African American Innovation and Invention (MOAAII)" ], "date": [ "1925-01-06" ], "type": [ "patent" ], "format": [], "source": [ "USPTO (via Google Patents)", "https://patents.google.com/patent/US1522176A/en" ], "language": [ "eng" ], "rights": [ "United States patent documents are works of the United States government and are in the public domain.", "https://www.usa.gov/government-works" ], "relation": [ "George Washington Carver" ] } }, { "record": { "id": "obj_x407hyvq4qqk", "idno": "julian-physostigmine-synthesis", "title": "Total Synthesis of Physostigmine", "type": "document", "subtitle": "", "description": "The published synthesis of physostigmine, an alkaloid used in the treatment of glaucoma, completed at DePauw University.", "significance": "Settled a contested structural question against a leading Oxford chemist and made the drug producible without relying on the Calabar bean.", "date_display": "1935", "date_start": 1935, "date_end": 1935, "patent_no": "", "patent_office": "", "materials": "", "dimensions": "", "extent": "", "credit_line": "", "rights": "", "rights_uri": "", "source_name": "", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Lavon_Julian", "external_id": "", "subjects": [ "organic chemistry", "alkaloids", "glaucoma", "synthesis" ], "tags": [], "place_id": null, "location_id": null, "primary_media": null, "sources": [ { "label": "Wikipedia: Percy Lavon Julian", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Lavon_Julian" } ], "verification": "reviewed", "provenance": { "ingest": "founding_seed", "record_origin": "compiled_from_public_reference_sources", "has_digitized_image": false, "note": "Catalog record compiled for the museum. No digitized image or physical custody is implied." }, "access": 1, "status": "published", "created_at": "2026-09-16T08:30:36.601Z", "updated_at": "2026-09-16T08:30:36.601Z" }, "dublin_core": { "identifier": [ "https://www.moaaii.org/object.html?id=julian-physostigmine-synthesis" ], "title": [ "Total Synthesis of Physostigmine" ], "creator": [ "Percy Lavon Julian" ], "subject": [ "organic chemistry", "alkaloids", "glaucoma", "synthesis" ], "description": [ "The published synthesis of physostigmine, an alkaloid used in the treatment of glaucoma, completed at DePauw University.", "Settled a contested structural question against a leading Oxford chemist and made the drug producible without relying on the Calabar bean." ], "publisher": [ "Museum of African American Innovation and Invention (MOAAII)" ], "date": [ "1935" ], "type": [ "document" ], "format": [], "source": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Lavon_Julian" ], "language": [ "eng" ], "rights": [], "relation": [ "Chemistry and Medicine" ] } }, { "record": { "id": "obj_3f6f898q8fa8", "idno": "julian-steroid-patents", "title": "Steroid Intermediate Patents", "type": "document", "subtitle": "", "description": "The body of patents covering routes from soybean and wild yam sterols to progesterone, testosterone and cortisone intermediates.", "significance": "Turned steroid medicines from scarce and costly preparations into industrial products, which is what put cortisone within reach of ordinary patients.", "date_display": "1940s-1960s", "date_start": 1940, "date_end": 1940, "patent_no": "", "patent_office": "", "materials": "", "dimensions": "", "extent": "", "credit_line": "", "rights": "", "rights_uri": "", "source_name": "", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Lavon_Julian", "external_id": "", "subjects": [ "organic chemistry", "steroids", "pharmaceutical manufacturing", "patents" ], "tags": [], "place_id": null, "location_id": null, "primary_media": null, "sources": [ { "label": "Wikipedia: Percy Lavon Julian", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Lavon_Julian" } ], "verification": "unverified", "provenance": { "ingest": "founding_seed", "record_origin": "compiled_from_public_reference_sources", "has_digitized_image": false, "note": "Catalogued as a portfolio. Julian held well over a hundred patents; individual numbers should be enumerated from USPTO records before any single filing is displayed as representative." }, "access": 1, "status": "published", "created_at": "2026-09-16T08:30:36.602Z", "updated_at": "2026-09-16T08:30:36.602Z" }, "dublin_core": { "identifier": [ "https://www.moaaii.org/object.html?id=julian-steroid-patents" ], "title": [ "Steroid Intermediate Patents" ], "creator": [ "Percy Lavon Julian" ], "subject": [ "organic chemistry", "steroids", "pharmaceutical manufacturing", "patents" ], "description": [ "The body of patents covering routes from soybean and wild yam sterols to progesterone, testosterone and cortisone intermediates.", "Turned steroid medicines from scarce and costly preparations into industrial products, which is what put cortisone within reach of ordinary patients." ], "publisher": [ "Museum of African American Innovation and Invention (MOAAII)" ], "date": [ "1940s-1960s" ], "type": [ "document" ], "format": [], "source": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Lavon_Julian" ], "language": [ "eng" ], "rights": [], "relation": [ "Chemistry and Medicine" ] } }, { "record": { "id": "obj_bttgh50hvqec", "idno": "drew-banked-blood-thesis", "title": "Banked Blood: A Study in Blood Preservation", "type": "document", "subtitle": "", "description": "Doctor of Medical Science dissertation at Columbia University, setting out the chemistry and logistics of separating, storing and transfusing blood plasma.", "significance": "Established plasma banking as a practical system rather than a laboratory result, and became the operating basis for the Blood for Britain programme and the first American Red Cross blood bank.", "date_display": "1940", "date_start": 1940, "date_end": 1940, "patent_no": "", "patent_office": "", "materials": "", "dimensions": "", "extent": "", "credit_line": "Columbia University", "rights": "", "rights_uri": "", "source_name": "", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_R._Drew", "external_id": "", "subjects": [ "hematology", "transfusion", "blood banking", "surgery" ], "tags": [], "place_id": null, "location_id": null, "primary_media": null, "sources": [ { "label": "Wikipedia: Charles R. Drew", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_R._Drew" } ], "verification": "reviewed", "provenance": { "ingest": "founding_seed", "record_origin": "compiled_from_public_reference_sources", "has_digitized_image": false, "note": "Catalog record compiled for the museum. No digitized image or physical custody is implied." }, "access": 1, "status": "published", "created_at": "2026-09-16T08:30:36.603Z", "updated_at": "2026-09-16T08:30:36.603Z" }, "dublin_core": { "identifier": [ "https://www.moaaii.org/object.html?id=drew-banked-blood-thesis" ], "title": [ "Banked Blood: A Study in Blood Preservation" ], "creator": [ "Charles R. Drew" ], "subject": [ "hematology", "transfusion", "blood banking", "surgery" ], "description": [ "Doctor of Medical Science dissertation at Columbia University, setting out the chemistry and logistics of separating, storing and transfusing blood plasma.", "Established plasma banking as a practical system rather than a laboratory result, and became the operating basis for the Blood for Britain programme and the first American Red Cross blood bank." ], "publisher": [ "Museum of African American Innovation and Invention (MOAAII)" ], "date": [ "1940" ], "type": [ "document" ], "format": [], "source": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_R._Drew" ], "language": [ "eng" ], "rights": [], "relation": [ "Chemistry and Medicine" ] } }, { "record": { "id": "obj_3325g0pfyf9k", "idno": "blood-for-britain-protocols", "title": "Blood for Britain: Collection and Processing Protocols", "type": "document", "subtitle": "", "description": "The standardised procedures for donor screening, sterile collection, plasma separation and shipment developed to send American plasma to wartime Britain.", "significance": "Turned an emergency appeal into a repeatable industrial process, and became the template for the national blood banking system that followed. Drew resigned when the programme segregated blood by donor race.", "date_display": "1940-1941", "date_start": 1940, "date_end": 1941, "patent_no": "", "patent_office": "", "materials": "", "dimensions": "", "extent": "", "credit_line": "", "rights": "", "rights_uri": "", "source_name": "", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_R._Drew", "external_id": "", "subjects": [ "blood banking", "public health", "wartime medicine" ], "tags": [], "place_id": null, "location_id": null, "primary_media": null, "sources": [ { "label": "Wikipedia: Charles R. Drew", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_R._Drew" } ], "verification": "reviewed", "provenance": { "ingest": "founding_seed", "record_origin": "compiled_from_public_reference_sources", "has_digitized_image": false, "note": "Catalogued as a documentary record group held across institutional archives. The museum holds no original; this record describes the protocols." }, "access": 1, "status": "published", "created_at": "2026-09-16T08:30:36.605Z", "updated_at": "2026-09-16T08:30:36.605Z" }, "dublin_core": { "identifier": [ "https://www.moaaii.org/object.html?id=blood-for-britain-protocols" ], "title": [ "Blood for Britain: Collection and Processing Protocols" ], "creator": [ "Charles R. Drew" ], "subject": [ "blood banking", "public health", "wartime medicine" ], "description": [ "The standardised procedures for donor screening, sterile collection, plasma separation and shipment developed to send American plasma to wartime Britain.", "Turned an emergency appeal into a repeatable industrial process, and became the template for the national blood banking system that followed. Drew resigned when the programme segregated blood by donor race." ], "publisher": [ "Museum of African American Innovation and Invention (MOAAII)" ], "date": [ "1940-1941" ], "type": [ "document" ], "format": [], "source": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_R._Drew" ], "language": [ "eng" ], "rights": [], "relation": [ "Chemistry and Medicine" ] } }, { "record": { "id": "obj_p44ky5iatkt8", "idno": "us-2475841-truck-refrigeration", "title": "Removable Cooling Unit for Compartments", "type": "patent", "subtitle": "", "description": "A self-contained mechanical refrigeration unit mounted to the front of a truck trailer, engineered to survive road vibration and to run without a crew.", "significance": "Made a continuous cold chain possible: perishable food across a continent, and during the Second World War blood serum and medicine to field hospitals.", "date_display": "1949", "date_start": 1949, "date_end": 1949, "patent_no": "2475841", "patent_office": "USPTO", "materials": "", "dimensions": "", "extent": "", "credit_line": "", "rights": "United States patent documents are works of the United States government and are in the public domain.", "rights_uri": "https://www.usa.gov/government-works", "source_name": "USPTO (via Google Patents)", "source_url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US2475841A/en", "external_id": "", "subjects": [ "refrigeration", "transport", "food systems", "patents" ], "tags": [], "place_id": null, "location_id": null, "primary_media": null, "sources": [ { "label": "Google Patents US2475841A", "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US2475841A/en" } ], "verification": "unverified", "provenance": { "ingest": "founding_seed", "record_origin": "compiled_from_public_reference_sources", "has_digitized_image": false, "note": "Jones held roughly sixty patents in transport refrigeration. This specific number needs confirmation against USPTO full text before it is presented as the definitive filing." }, "access": 1, "status": "published", "created_at": "2026-09-16T08:30:36.583Z", "updated_at": "2026-09-16T08:30:36.583Z" }, "dublin_core": { "identifier": [ "https://www.moaaii.org/object.html?id=us-2475841-truck-refrigeration", "patent:2475841" ], "title": [ "Removable Cooling Unit for Compartments" ], "creator": [ "Frederick McKinley Jones" ], "subject": [ "refrigeration", "transport", "food systems", "patents" ], "description": [ "A self-contained mechanical refrigeration unit mounted to the front of a truck trailer, engineered to survive road vibration and to run without a crew.", "Made a continuous cold chain possible: perishable food across a continent, and during the Second World War blood serum and medicine to field hospitals." ], "publisher": [ "Museum of African American Innovation and Invention (MOAAII)" ], "date": [ "1949" ], "type": [ "patent" ], "format": [], "source": [ "USPTO (via Google Patents)", "https://patents.google.com/patent/US2475841A/en" ], "language": [ "eng" ], "rights": [ "United States patent documents are works of the United States government and are in the public domain.", "https://www.usa.gov/government-works" ], "relation": [ "Frederick McKinley Jones" ] } }, { "record": { "id": "obj_2jx30008m56e", "idno": "us-2745406-sanitary-belt", "title": "Sanitary Belt", "type": "patent", "subtitle": "", "description": "An adjustable belt with a built-in, moisture-proof napkin pocket.", "significance": "A company expressed interest until a representative met the inventor and learned she was Black, at which point the interest was withdrawn. The design went unmanufactured; the patent stands as the record.", "date_display": "1956", "date_start": 1956, "date_end": 1956, "patent_no": "2745406", "patent_office": "USPTO", "materials": "", "dimensions": "", "extent": "", "credit_line": "", "rights": "United States patent documents are works of the United States government and are in the public domain.", "rights_uri": "https://www.usa.gov/government-works", "source_name": "USPTO (via Google Patents)", "source_url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US2745406A/en", "external_id": "", "subjects": [ "menstrual products", "product design", "patents" ], "tags": [], "place_id": null, "location_id": null, "primary_media": null, "sources": [ { "label": "Patent record", "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US2745406A/en" }, { "label": "Research link", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/" }, { "label": "Research link", "url": "https://www.si.edu/" }, { "label": "Research link", "url": "https://catalog.archives.gov/" } ], "verification": "unverified", "provenance": { "ingest": "script_book", "script_book": "MOAAII Founding Collection Production Script Book", "script_book_profile": 14, "rights_notes": "Use the patent record as the factual and visual anchor. Verify the exact patent page and publication notice before hosting. A portrait or contextual photograph must remain link-only until item-level rights review is complete. Any animation should be museum-created from verified patent facts and should not imply endorsement by the USPTO, Library of Congress, Smithsonian, NASA, National Archives, or another source institution.", "editorial_standard": "Patent records anchor each profile. The production team must confirm every patent number, date, quotation, portrait, photograph, drawing, and other asset against its exact source record before release. A patent-document image and a portrait of the inventor may have different rights conditions. Items that remain marked YELLOW in the accession register are research or link-only materials until the curator records an exact asset URL, rights statement, required credit line, reviewer, and review date.", "note": "Patent anchor supplied by the production script book. Confirm the exact patent page and publication notice before release." }, "access": 1, "status": "published", "created_at": "2026-09-16T08:30:36.587Z", "updated_at": "2026-09-16T09:21:31.957Z" }, "dublin_core": { "identifier": [ "https://www.moaaii.org/object.html?id=us-2745406-sanitary-belt", "patent:2745406" ], "title": [ "Sanitary Belt" ], "creator": [ "Mary Beatrice Davidson Kenner" ], "subject": [ "menstrual products", "product design", "patents" ], "description": [ "An adjustable belt with a built-in, moisture-proof napkin pocket.", "A company expressed interest until a representative met the inventor and learned she was Black, at which point the interest was withdrawn. The design went unmanufactured; the patent stands as the record." ], "publisher": [ "Museum of African American Innovation and Invention (MOAAII)" ], "date": [ "1956" ], "type": [ "patent" ], "format": [], "source": [ "USPTO (via Google Patents)", "https://patents.google.com/patent/US2745406A/en" ], "language": [ "eng" ], "rights": [ "United States patent documents are works of the United States government and are in the public domain.", "https://www.usa.gov/government-works" ], "relation": [ "Medicine Health and Human Well Being", "Everyday Objects" ] } }, { "record": { "id": "obj_ejbav860zrw8", "idno": "nasa-tn-d233-azimuth", "title": "Determination of Azimuth Angle at Burnout for Placing a Satellite Over a Selected Earth Position", "type": "document", "subtitle": "", "description": "NASA Technical Note, co-authored with T. H. 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